Introduction

Networking

• Computer Network: A set of interconnected computers sharing resources and data.

• Importance: Facilitates communication, resource sharing, and data management. Enables services like email, the internet, and cloud computing.

Node

A node is any device connected to a network. This includes computers, printers, routers, switches, or any other device that can send, receive, or forward information.

• Functions:

  • End Nodes: Devices like computers and printers that generate or consume data.

  • Intermediary Nodes: Devices like routers and switches that direct data flow within the network.

• Identification: Nodes are identified by unique addresses, such as IP addresses in an IP-based network.

Communication Link

A communication link is the physical or logical connection that enables data transmission between two or more network nodes. It is a fundamental component of a network, ensuring that devices can exchange information effectively.

Types of Communication Links:

• Wired Links:

  • Twisted Pair Cable: Consists of pairs of insulated copper wires twisted together. Commonly used for telephone lines and Ethernet cables (e.g., Cat5, Cat6).

  • Coaxial Cable: Has a single copper conductor at its center with a plastic layer providing insulation and a metallic shield. Used for cable TV and internet connections.

  • Fiber Optic Cable: Transmits data as light signals through strands of glass or plastic fibers. Offers high speed and long-distance transmission, commonly used for backbone connections.

• Wireless Links:

  • Radio Waves: Utilized in Wi-Fi networks, Bluetooth, and cellular communications. They provide mobility and convenience but are susceptible to interference.

  • Microwaves: Used for long-distance communication, including satellite links and some Wi-Fi standards.